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                <div class="project">
                    <h1>2.4 A Hello World Example</h1>

                    <p><strong>Version:</strong> 3.2.11</p>
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<h2 id="aHelloWorldExample">2.4 A Hello World Example</h2>

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<p>Let&#8217;s now take the new project and turn it into the classic "Hello world!" example. First, change into the "helloworld" directory you just created and start the Grails interactive console:</p>
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<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="bash">$ cd helloworld
$ grails</code></pre>
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<p>You should see a prompt that looks like this:</p>
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<img src="../img/interactive-helloworld.png" alt="interactive helloworld">
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<p>What we want is a simple page that just prints the message "Hello World!" to the browser. In Grails, whenever you want a new page you just create a new controller action for it. Since we don&#8217;t yet have a controller, let&#8217;s create one now with the <a href="../ref/Command%20Line/create-controller.html">create-controller</a> command:</p>
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<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="bash">grails&gt; create-controller hello</code></pre>
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<div class="paragraph">
<p>Don&#8217;t forget that in the interactive console, we have auto-completion on command names. So you can type "cre" and then press &lt;tab&gt; to get a list of all <code>create-*</code> commands. Type a few more letters of the command name and then &lt;tab&gt; again to finish.</p>
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<p>The above command will create a new <a href="theWebLayer.html#controllers">controller</a> in the <code>grails-app/controllers/helloworld</code> directory called <code>HelloController.groovy</code>. Why the extra <code>helloworld</code> directory? Because in Java land, it&#8217;s strongly recommended that all classes are placed into packages, so Grails defaults to the application name if you don&#8217;t provide one. The reference page for <a href="../ref/Command%20Line/create-controller.html">create-controller</a> provides more detail on this.</p>
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<div class="paragraph">
<p>We now have a controller so let&#8217;s add an action to generate the "Hello World!" page. In any text editor, edit the new controller&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;the <code>HelloController.groovy</code> file&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;by adding a render line. The edited file&#8217;s code should look like this:</p>
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<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="groovy"><span class="keyword">package</span> helloworld

<span class="type">class</span> <span class="class">HelloController</span> {

    <span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="function">index</span>() {
        render <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">Hello World!</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>
    }
}</code></pre>
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<p>The action is simply a method. In this particular case, it calls a special method provided by Grails to <a href="../ref/Tags/render.html">render</a> the page.</p>
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<p>Job done. To see your application in action, you just need to start up a server with another command called <a href="../ref/Command%20Line/run-app.html">run-app</a>:</p>
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<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="bash">grails&gt; run-app</code></pre>
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<p>This will start an embedded server on port 8080 that hosts your application. You should now be able to access your application at the URL <a href="http://localhost:8080/" class="bare">http://localhost:8080/</a> - try it!</p>
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<div class="paragraph">
<p>Note that in previous versions of Grails the context path was by default the name of the application. If you wish to restore this behavior you can configure a context path in <code>grails-app/conf/application.yml</code>:</p>
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<div class="listingblock">
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<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="yaml"><span class="key">server</span>:
    <span class="key">contextPath</span>: <span class="string"><span class="content">/helloworld</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
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<p>With the above configuration in place the server will instead startup at the URL <a href="http://localhost:8080/helloworld/" class="bare">http://localhost:8080/helloworld/</a>.</p>
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If you see the error "Server failed to start for port 8080: Address already in use", then it means another server is running on that port. You can easily work around this by running your server on a different port using <code>run-app -port=9090</code>. '9090' is just an example: you can pretty much choose anything within the range 1024 to 49151.
</td>
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<div class="paragraph">
<p>The result will look something like this:</p>
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<img src="../img/intropage.png" alt="intropage">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This is the Grails intro page which is rendered by the <code>grails-app/view/index.gsp</code> file. It detects the presence of your controllers and provides links to them. You can click on the "HelloController" link to see our custom page containing the text "Hello World!". Voila! You have your first working Grails application.</p>
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<div class="paragraph">
<p>One final thing: a controller can contain many actions, each of which corresponds to a different page (ignoring AJAX at this point). Each page is accessible via a unique URL that is composed from the controller name and the action name: /&lt;appname&gt;/&lt;controller&gt;/&lt;action&gt;. This means you can access the Hello World page via <a href="http://localhost:8080/helloworld/hello/index">/helloworld/hello/index</a>, where 'hello' is the controller name (remove the 'Controller' suffix from the class name and lower-case the first letter) and 'index' is the action name. But you can also access the page via the same URL without the action name: this is because 'index' is the <em>default action</em>. See the end of the <a href="theWebLayer.html#understandingControllersAndActions">controllers and actions</a> section of the user guide to find out more on default actions.</p>
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